Human Sebaceous Cis-6-Hexadecenoic Acid: Possible Application of an Innate Antimicrobial Substance to Cosmetic Products for Mucous Membrane
نویسندگان
چکیده
The antimicrobial properties of cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δ6), a component of the innate human metabolome, were studied and its application to cosmetic products was investigated in detail. A variety of the resident and transient microbial flora of the skin, oral cavity, and intestine was applied to an investigation of the antimicrobial activity of C16:1Δ6. C16:1Δ6 showed selective antibacterial activity against human microbial pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens (one of the most common causes of food poisoning) and Streptococcus mutans (one of the tooth-decaying bacteria), as well as Staphylococcus aureus. C16:1Δ6 seemed to possess a “species-selective” antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Clostridium. We performed a preliminary assessment of the application of C16:1Δ6 as an antimicrobial component in a liquid lip gloss by performing preservation efficacy and home-use tests. We noted that the amount of p-hydroxybenzoate was needed in an oily cosmetic, especially liquid lip gloss, could be reduced by replacing p-hydroxybenzoate with C16:1Δ6. We suggest that C16:1Δ6 may find application as a stable antimicrobial substance gentle enough for use in consumer products by its selective antimicrobial characteristics.
منابع مشابه
Bactericidal Activity of the Human Skin Fatty Acid cis-6-Hexadecanoic Acid on Staphylococcus aureus
Human skin fatty acids are a potent aspect of our innate defenses, giving surface protection against potentially invasive organisms. They provide an important parameter in determining the ecology of the skin microflora, and alterations can lead to increased colonization by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Harnessing skin fatty acids may also give a new avenue of exploration in the gener...
متن کاملImprovement of Atopic Dermatitis by Human Sebaceous Fatty Acids and Related Lipids
Our bodies are protected against a variety of external factors such as transient pathogens and can preserve homeostasis. This defense mechanism consists of many components, including antimicrobial lipids such as cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δ6) (Wille & Kydonieus, 2003) and sphingosine (Arikawa et al., 2002), as well as antimicrobial peptides such as ┚-defensins and cathelicidin (Harder et al....
متن کاملCloning and Identification of a New Antimicrobial Protein, Salvic, from Human Salivary Gland
From a subtracted cDNA library of human salivary gland a C77-91 gene totally unknown to date was named as Salvic that expresses 46 amino acids peptide (pI=9.45) possessing an antimicrobial activity on E. coli. Salvic is consisted of a typical hydrophobic amino acid rich domain in the N-terminus, a cluster of basic amino acids, carbohydrate attachment sites, a possible transglutaminase catalyzed...
متن کاملConversion of cis unsaturated fatty acids to trans, a possible mechanism for the protection of phenol-degrading Pseudomonas putida P8 from substrate toxicity.
A trans unsaturated fatty acid was found as a major constituent in the lipids of Pseudomonas putida P8. The fatty acid was identified as 9-trans-hexadecenoic acid by gas chromatography, argentation thin-layer chromatography, and infrared absorption spectrometry. Growing cells of P. putida P8 reacted to the presence of sublethal concentrations of phenol in the medium with changes in the fatty ac...
متن کاملLactic acid bacteria as probiotics*
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly found on human and animal mucous membranes in dairy products and naturally on some plant surfaces. They are normal residents of the gastrointestinal tract of human beings. Several species are commercially used in production of fermented milks, yoghurt, other dairy and meat products, as well as other foods. The antimicrobial activities of LAB have been kno...
متن کامل